τὸ θάλπος: “warmth”
θάλπω: “to soften with heat”
ἡ θέρμη: “warmth, heat”
ἡ θερμότης: “choking heat”
τὸ καῦμα: “heat”
καυματηρός: “burning”
καυματόομαι: “to be nearly dying because of heat”
Hesiod, Theogony 700
“A supernatural heat overtook the Void…”
καῦμα δὲ θεσπέσιον κάτεχεν Χάος…
Alciphron, Letters 2.9
“When it was midday, I picked out pine tree open to the wind and facing the breeze and I sheltered there from the heat”
Μεσημβρίας οὔσης σταθερᾶς φιλήνεμόν τινα ἐπιλεξάμενος πίτυν καὶ πρὸς τὰς αὔρας ἐκκειμένην, ὑπὸ ταύτῃ τὸ καῦμα ἐσκέπαζον
Dio Chrysostom, Discourse 3
“[one must] survive the heat and tolerate the cold…”
καὶ καῦμα ἀνέχεσθαι καὶ ψῦχος ὑπομένειν
Hippocrates, Air, Water, Places 10.10-20
“Whenever the heat suddenly grows intense thanks to the spring rains and the wind from the south, the temperature necessarily doubles thanks to the hot roiling earth and the burning sun. Since human bowels are not prepare and their brains are not fully dried—for spring is the time when the body and its meat are naturally fatty—that’s when fevers are the most severe in every case, especially among the chronically ill.”
ὁκόταν γὰρ τὸ πνῖγος ἐπιγένηται ἐξαίφνης τῆς τε γῆς ὑγρῆς ἐούσης ὑπὸ τῶν ὄμβρων τῶν ἐαρινῶν καὶ ὑπὸ τοῦ νότου, ἀνάγκη διπλόον τὸ καῦμα εἶναι, ἀπό τε τῆς γῆς διαβρόχου ἐούσης καὶ θερμῆς καὶ ὑπὸ τοῦ ἡλίου καίοντος, τῶν τε κοιλιῶν μὴ συνεστηκυιῶν τοῖς ἀνθρώποις μήτε τοῦ ἐγκεφάλου ἀνεξηρασμένου—οὐ γὰρ οἷόν τε τοῦ ἦρος τοιούτου ἐόντος μὴ οὐ πλαδᾶν τὸ σῶμα καὶ τὴν σάρκα—· ὥστε τοὺς πυρετοὺς ἐπιπίπτειν ὀξυτάτους ἅπασιν, μάλιστα δὲ τοῖσι φλεγματίῃσι.
Plutarch, Life of Marius V
“He claimed that because of the heat he was thirsty enough to ask for cold water.”
ἔφη διὰ τὸ καῦμα διψήσας ὕδωρ ψυχρὸν αἰτῆσαι
