Boasts, Denials, and Unattainable Desire

Pindar, Nemean 11.29-31; 43-47

“But empty-headed boasts toss some mortals
From good ends ,while a heart that is overly cautious
Holds others back by the hand, making them deny their own strength,
And keeping them from their natural wins.”

ἀλλὰ βροτῶν τὸν μὲν κενεόφρονες αὖχαι
ἐξ ἀγαθῶν ἔβαλον· τὸν δ᾿ αὖ καταμεμφθέντ᾿ ἄγαν
ἰσχὺν οἰκείων παρέσφαλεν καλῶν
χειρὸς ἕλκων ὀπίσσω θυμὸς ἄτολμος ἐών.

“Yet anything from Zeus has no clear sign for mortals.
Nevertheless, we still make a start on massive projects
Because we desire many accomplishments.

Our limbs are devoted to shameless hope,
while rivers of forethought flow far away.
We need to hunt for some limit to profits,
Obsession with unattainable desires is too sharp.”

τὸ δ᾿ ἐκ Διὸς ἀνθρώποις σαφὲς οὐχ ἕπεται
τέκμαρ· ἀλλ᾿ ἔμπαν μεγαλανορίαις ἐμβαίνομεν,
ἔργα τε πολλὰ μενοινῶντες· δέδεται γὰρ ἀναιδεῖ
ἐλπίδι γυῖα· προμαθείας δ᾿ ἀπόκεινται ῥοαί.
κερδέων δὲ χρὴ μέτρον θηρευέμεν·
ἀπροσίκτων δ᾿ ἐρώτων ὀξύτεραι μανίαι.

Color photo of a frieze. a Long painting of impressionistic images: mostly figures turned away from the viewer in a few clusters
Edvaed Munch, “Desire” 1907-7. Munch Museum. from Wikimedia Commons

The Growth of Virtue and Needs of Friends

Pindar, Nemean 8.40-5

“Excellence grows just like a tree
Nourished on pale dew
Once it is raised up among
The wise and righteous to point toward
The watery sky.

Friends have all kinds of needs:
Help during suffering is foremost,
But joy also longs to make sure we see
Trust.”

αὔξεται δ᾿ ἀρετά, χλωραῖς ἐέρσαις
ὡς ὅτε δένδρεον ᾄσσει,
<ἐν> σοφοῖς ἀνδρῶν ἀερθεῖσ᾿
ἐν δικαίοις τε πρὸς ὑγρόν
αἰθέρα. χρεῖαι δὲ παντοῖαι φίλων ἀν-
δρῶν· τὰ μὲν ἀμφὶ πόνοις
ὑπερώτατα, μαστεύει δὲ καὶ
τέρψις ἐν ὄμμασι θέσθαι
πιστόν….

Photograph of an oil painting with a young boy under a tree pointing in conversation to a dog. There is a sheep in the background
Edmund Bristow, “trust”. 1878 RCIN 406224 from Wikimedia Commons

Highways of Words and Rough Sailing

Pindar Nemean 6. 52-56

“Older poets found these subjects
To be an elevated highway;
I follow it even though I have concern–
The wave that is always turning
Right into the front of the ship
Is said to cause everyone’s heart
The most trouble.”

καὶ ταῦτα μὲν παλαιότεροι
ὁδὸν ἀμαξιτὸν εὗρον· ἕπο-
μαι δὲ καὶ αὐτὸς ἔχων μελέταν·
τὸ δὲ πὰρ ποδὶ ναὸς ἑλισσόμενον αἰεὶ κυμάτων
λέγεται παντὶ μάλιστα δονεῖν

Color image close up of a Grek vase showing a ship with sail opened, men at oar rowing, and a prominent figure steering
On the internal surface, around the rim, four ships. Cemetery of Ancient Thera. 3rd quarter of the 6th cent. BC Archaeological Museum of Thera. [Wikimedia Commons]

Wind in the Sails and the Ship of Songs

Pindar, Nemean 6. 27-34

“Muse, send a glorifying wind right at that home–
For songs and stories safeguard  noble deeds
When men have passed on.
And these things are not scarce for the Bassidae.
This ancient-famed family
Has a private store of victory songs to fill ships,
Capable of inspiring many a Pieriean plowman
With hymns thanks to their glorious deeds.”

εὔ-
θυν᾿ ἐπὶ τοῦτον, ἄγε, Μοῖσα,
οὖρον ἐπέων
εὐκλέα· παροιχομένων γὰρ ἀνέρων
ἀοιδαὶ καὶ λόγοι τὰ καλά σφιν ἔργ᾿ ἐκόμισαν,
Βασσίδαισιν ἅ τ᾿ οὐ σπανίζει· παλαίφατος γενεά,
ἴδια ναυστολέοντες ἐπι-
κώμια, Πιερίδων ἀρόταις
δυνατοὶ παρέχειν πολὺν ὕμνον ἀγερώχων ἐργμάτων
ἕνεκεν.

Nem. 6. 52-56

“Older poets found these things
To be an elevated roadway;
I follow it even though I have concern–
The wave that is always turning
Right into the front of the ship
Is said to cause everyone’s heart
The most trouble.”

καὶ ταῦτα μὲν παλαιότεροι
ὁδὸν ἀμαξιτὸν εὗρον· ἕπο-
μαι δὲ καὶ αὐτὸς ἔχων μελέταν·
τὸ δὲ πὰρ ποδὶ ναὸς ἑλισσόμενον αἰεὶ κυμάτων
λέγεται παντὶ μάλιστα δονεῖν
θυμόν.

Color image close up of a Grek vase showing a ship with sail opened, men at oar rowing, and a prominent figure steering
On the internal surface, around the rim, four ships. Cemetery of Ancient Thera. 3rd quarter of the 6th cent. BC Archaeological Museum of Thera. [Wikimedia Commons]

Celebrations and Healing

Pindar, Nemean 4. 1-8

“A celebration is the best medicine
For labors completed well, and yet
Songs, those wise daughters of the Muses,
Bewitch our minds when they touch them.

Not even hot water makes the limbs as supple
As praise can when it’s partnered with a lyre.
For the word lives a longer life than deeds,
At least the one the tongue lures from the depths of thought
With the Graces’ good fortune.”

Ἄριστος εὐφροσύνα πόνων κεκριμένων
ἰατρός· αἱ δὲ σοφαί
Μοισᾶν θύγατρες ἀοιδαὶ θέλξαν νιν ἁπτόμεναι.
οὐδὲ θερμὸν ὕδωρ τόσον γε μαλθακὰ τεύχει
γυῖα, τόσσον εὐλογία φόρμιγγι συνάορος.
ῥῆμα δ᾿ ἐργμάτων χρονιώτερον βιοτεύει,
ὅ τι κε οὺν Χαρίτων τύχᾳ
γλῶσσα φρενὸς ἐξέλοι βαθείας.

Oil painting of a 18th century tavern scene. A man in the center plays a lite, there are drinkers and revelers all around. There are some dogs too
Luis Ricardo Falero, 1880, “A Day in a Tavern”

Words, Deeds, and Hopes in Common

Pindar, Nemean 1.26-30

“Strength works through deed
But thought works through the plans
Of those who have the innate skill to anticipate what will be.

Child of Hagesidamos, thanks to your nature
There are uses for both domains.

I don’t lust to keep
Great wealth hidden in my home
But rather to do well as things are and
To be praised for helping friends.
The hopes of hard-working people
Roll on in common.”

πράσσει γὰρ ἔργῳ μὲν σθένος,
βουλαῖσι δὲ φρήν, ἐσσόμενον προϊδεῖν
συγγενὲς οἷς ἕπεται.
Ἁγησιδάμου παῖ, σέο δ᾿ ἀμφὶ τρόπῳ
τῶν τε καὶ τῶν χρήσιες.
οὐκ ἔραμαι πολὺν ἐν
μεγάρῳ πλοῦτον κατακρύψαις ἔχειν,
ἀλλ᾿ ἐόντων εὖ τε παθεῖν καὶ ἀκοῦ-
σαι φίλοις ἐξαρκέων. κοιναὶ γὰρ ἔρχοντ᾿ ἐλπίδες
πολυπόνων ἀνδρῶν

Schol. Ad Pin. Nem 1.39

“Strength works through deed”: bravery ix exhibited and demonstrates itself through deeds, while thoughts do the same through counsels. This riffs on the Homeric line “war’s goal comes through the hands, words end in counsel”.

πράσσει γὰρ ἔργῳ μὲν σθένος: συμπράσσει καὶ συνεργεῖ τοῖς μὲν ἔργοις ἡ ἀνδρεία, τοῖς δὲ βουλεύμασι καὶ λόγοις ὁ νοῦς· μετέβαλε δὲ τὸ ῾Ομηρικόν (Π 630)· ἐν γὰρ χερσὶ τέλος πολέμου, ἐπέων δ’ ἐνὶ βουλῇ.

Schol. Ad Pin. Nem 1.48a

“Hopes roll on in common”: for he means that hopes and expectations and things to come are equally unknown to people.

κοιναὶ γὰρ ἔρχοντ’ ἐλπίδες: αἱ γὰρ ἐλπίδες καὶ αἱ μέλλουσαι, φησί, προσδοκίαι κοιναὶ καὶ ἄδηλοι τοῖς ἀνθρώποις εἰσίν.

Fragmentary statue of Herakles without a beard. Torso and head remain.

Cypriot; Statuette of Herakles; Stone Sculpture. MET, 6th Century BCE

Put Your Seatbelt on, This is an Epinician Poem

Pindar, Pythian 10.46-50

“Nothing unbelievable surprises me,
provided the gods make it happen.

Keep your oar still–quickly drive the anchor
into the earth from the prow,
A weapon against the uneven jetty:

The finest hymns of praise
Rush from one story to another
Like a bee.”

ἐμοὶ δὲ θαυμάσαι
θεῶν τελεσάντων οὐδέν ποτε φαίνεται
ἔμμεν ἄπιστον.
κώπαν σχάσον, ταχὺ δ᾿ ἄγκυραν ἔρεισον χθονί
πρῴραθε, χοιράδος ἄλκαρ πέτρας.
ἐγκωμίων γὰρ ἄωτος ὕμνων
ἐπ᾿ ἄλλοτ᾿ ἄλλον ὥτε μέλισσα θύνει λόγον.

GIF of a roller coaster

Flying with the Muses

Pindar, Pythian 5.106-117

“People who know praise that man.
I will tell you what is said.
He wields a mind
Stronger than his age
And his tongue too. His courage is like
A fine-winged eagle among the other birds
He flies among the Muses thanks to his dear mother
And has proved to be a wise charioteer.
He has dared to travel
Every approach their is
To his homeland’s excellence.”

ἄνδρα κεῖνον ἐπαινέοντι συνετοί·
λεγόμενον ἐρέω·
κρέσσονα μὲν ἁλικίας
νόον φέρβεται
γλῶσσάν τε· θάρσος δὲ τανύπτερος
ἐν ὄρνιξιν αἰετὸς ἔπλετο·
ἀγωνίας δ᾿, ἕρκος οἷον, σθένος·
ἔν τε Μοίσαισι ποτανὸς ἀπὸ ματρὸς φίλας,
πέφανταί θ᾿ ἁρματηλάτας σοφός·
ὅσαι τ᾿ εἰσὶν ἐπιχωρίων καλῶν ἔσοδοι,
τετόλμακε.

white vase with red lined muse tuning a lyre
Muse tuning two kitharai. Detail of the interior from an Attic white-ground cup, ca. 470–460 BC. From Eretria.

Born on Third Base, Didn’t Hit a Triple

Pindar, Pythian 8.74-77

“If someone stumbles into good fortune without hard work,
Then many think he is a wise man among fools,
And that he has outfitted his life with well-planned schemes.
But these things aren’t up to men: god controls them.
Sometimes he raises one person up and then brings another down.”

εἰ γάρ τις ἐσλὰ πέπαται μὴ σὺν μακρῷ πόνῳ,
πολλοῖς σοφὸς δοκεῖ πεδ᾿ ἀφρόνων
βίον κορυσσέμεν ὀρθοβούλοισι μαχαναῖς·
τὰ δ᾿ οὐκ ἐπ᾿ ἀνδράσι κεῖται· δαίμων δὲ παρίσχει,
ἄλλοτ᾿ ἄλλον ὕπερθε βάλλων, ἄλλον δ᾿ ὑπὸ χειρῶν

picture of Elon Musk pointing

A Short Path To Wisdom

Pindar, Pythian 4.246-248

“The path for me to walk is long, since
The hour narrows–but I know a shortcut.
I lead many others to wisdom.”

μακρά μοι νεῖσθαι κατ᾿ ἀμαξιτόν· ὥρα
γὰρ συνάπτει· καί τινα
οἶμον ἴσαμι βραχύν· πολ-
λοῖσι δ᾿ ἄγημαι σοφίας ἑτέροις.

Schol. ad Pin. Pyth 4 var.

“Along the wagon-path: [this means] to travel and speak along that path of the praising of Jason.”

κατ’ ἀμαξιτόν: κατὰ τὴν ὁδὸν ταύτην τὴν τῶν ἐγκωμίων τοῦ ᾿Ιάσονος πορεύεσθαι καὶ λέγειν.

“The hour is narrowing”: the right time is urging me to recount this to Arkesliaos.

ὥρα γὰρ συνάπτει: καιρός με ἐπείγει, ὥστε πρὸς τὸν ᾿Αρκεσίλαον ἀναδραμεῖν.

“I know some way”: this means I know some short path, which means that I also know how to speak this explanation briefly.”

καί τινα οἶμον ἴσαμι: καί τινα οἶδα ὁδὸν βραχεῖαν, τουτέστιν οἶδα κατὰ τὰς ἐξηγήσεις καὶ βραχέα λέγειν.

“Wisdom to others”: This is about that wisdom from earlier, speaking concisely, and becoming and exemplar to others, which means a teacher. What he’s saying is I am showing many others about concision, how to explain things concisely.”

σοφίας ἑτέροις: ἤτοι ταύτης τῆς σοφίας, τῆς περὶ τὸ συντόμως λέγειν, καὶ ἄλλων γέγονα καθηγητὴς, ὅ ἐστι διδάσκαλος· ἢ πολλοῖς προσέσχον ἄλλοις, ὡς ἐν συντομίᾳ, ὥστε ταχέως αὐτὰ ἐξειπεῖν.

Color photograph of museum display with a horse and wheeled wagon made out of clay.
Ancient Greek Vase Gallery, National Archaeological Museum of Greece, Athens, Greece.