“A Test Proves the Worth of a Man”: Pindar, Olympian 4.17-27

Last week I mentioned the tale of Erginos, the legendary king of the Minyans from Orchomenos in Boiotia. Pindar uses him as an example (he is the “child of Klumenos” below)

“I will not stain my story
With a lie. A test proves the worth of a man.
This rescued the child of Klumenos
from the dishonor of the Lemnian women.
He won the race in bronze armor
And said to Hypsipyle as he left with the crown:
“This is my speed:
My hands and heart are its equal. Sometimes gray hair
grows even on young men
thick, before the appointed time.

οὐ ψεύδεϊ τέγξω
λόγον· διάπειρά τοι βροτῶν ἔλεγχος·
ἅπερ Κλυμένοιο παῖδα
Λαμνιάδων γυναικῶν ἔλυσεν ἐξ ἀτιμίας.
χαλκέοισι δ’ ἐν ἔντεσι νικῶν δρόμον
ἔειπεν ῾Υψιπυλείᾳ μετὰ στέφανον ἰών·
‘οὗτος ἐγὼ ταχυτᾶτι·
χεῖρες δὲ καὶ ἦτορ ἴσον. φύονται δὲ καὶ νέοις
ἐν ἀνδράσιν πολιαί
θαμάκι παρὰ τὸν ἁλικίας ἐοικότα χρόνον.’

Hypsipyle is the queen of the Lemnian women who are part of the tradition of Jason and the Argonauts.

The Nature of Human Stories: Pindar Olympian 1.28-29

“The wonders of the world are many, but somehow
mortal rumor turns around the true tale—
Stories deceive us
When decorated with the finest lies.”

ἦ θαύματα πολλά, καί πού τι καὶ βροτῶν
φάτις ὑπὲρ τὸν ἀλαθῆ λόγον
δεδαιδαλμένοι ψεύδεσι ποικίλοις
ἐξαπατῶντι μῦθοι.

The Best Things The Gods Gave Us (Aelian, Varia Historia 12.59)

“Pythagoras said that man received these two finest things from the gods: to tell the truth and to do good deeds. And he added that both of these things resemble the works of the gods.”

Πυθαγόρας ἔλεγε δύο ταῦτα ἐκ τῶν θεῶν τοῖς ἀνθρώποις δεδόσθαι κάλλιστα, τό τε ἀληθεύειν καὶ τὸ εὐεργετεῖν· καὶ προσετίθει ὅτι καὶ ἔοικε τοῖς θεῶν ἔργοις ἑκάτερον.

Theseus Laments that Words Pervert the Truth (Euripides’ fr. 439)

“Alas! I wish facts had a voice for people
So that clever speakers would be nothing.
Now instead men with turning tongues steal away
The truest things: and what should seem true cannot.”

φεῦ φεῦ, τὸ μὴ τὰ πράγματ’ ἀνθρώποις ἔχειν
φωνήν, ἵν’ ἦσαν μηδὲν οἱ δεινοὶ λέγειν.
νῦν δ’ εὐτρόχοισι στόμασι τἀληθέστατα
κλέπτουσιν, ὥστε μὴ δοκεῖν ἃ χρὴ δοκεῖν

This is from Euripides’ lost Hippolytus Veiled, a play in which the deception of Theseus results in the death of his son. His words sound idealist and almost noble, but as the story goes his wife Phaedra lies about sexual advances from her stepson Hippolytus and Theseus curses him. One of Theseus’ interlocutors replies (fr. 440):

“Theseus, I advise you that this is best, if you think through it:
Don’t ever believe that you hear the truth from a woman.”

Θησεῦ, παραινῶ σοὶ τὸ λῷστον, εἰ φρονεῖς,
γυναικὶ πείθου μηδὲ τἀληθῆ κλύων.

Nope. Not very nice, Euripides.

Seneca, Moral Epistles 90.20

“It is incredible how easily the sweetness of speech leads even great men away from the truth”

incredibilest . . . quam facile etiam magnos viros dulcedo orationis abducat a vero.

Seneca the Younger

Xenophon, Symposium 8.43

“A false reputation is quickly lost when tested.”

ἡ μὲν γὰρ ψευδὴς δόξα ταχὺ  ἐλέγχεται  ὑπὸ τῆς πείρας

Pindar, Nemean 5.16-17

“Surely it isn’t better when every truth bares its real face.”

 

οὔ τοι ἅπασα κερδίων

φαίνοισα πρόσωπον ἀλάθει’ ἀτρεκές·

Bacchylides, Ep. 5.187-190

 

“For the sake of truth one must shove envy aside with both hands and praise any mortal who does well.”

 

χρὴ δ᾿ ἀλαθείας χάριν

αἰνεῖν, φθόνον ἀμφ[οτέραισιν

χερσίν ἀπωσάμενον,

εἴ τις εὖ πράσσοι βροτῶ[ν

Pindar, Olympian 10. 5-6

“Truth, protect me with your straight hand from slandering a friend with lies.”

 

᾿Αλάθεια Διός, ὀρθᾷ χερί

ἐρύκετον ψευδέων

ἐνιπὰν ἀλιτόξενον.

Pindar, Nemean 5.16-17

 

 

“Surely it isn’t better when every truth bares its real face.”

 

οὔ τοι ἅπασα κερδίων

φαίνοισα πρόσωπον ἀλάθει’ ἀτρεκές·